The Jewish community of Monte San Savino was constituted a permanent establishment in the country in 1627 after the Jewish family of Passigli signed with Bertoldo Orsini, then Marquis del Monte, specific chapters to enable them to open a pawnshop, to build a place of worship and to hold its own cemetery.

The community grew and prospered for a long time, until the outbreak in 1799 of the "Viva Maria", which reactionary movement, making melody to the return of the Grand Duke, he saw with deep dislike the French occupation in which the Jewish community had placed their hopes instead of emancipation. Forced to leave the Mount, the Jews took refuge in Florence and Siena, in the latter city they found themselves involved in the massacre that was made against the Jews.

In the Jewish community of Monte San Savino was born the poet Salomon Fiorentino, the first jew that figure in Italian literature.